Litigation in Nepal is carried out at courts and other judicial or quasi-judicial bodies in Nepal. Parties may approach the concerned authorities themselves or appoint representatives or attorneys to act on their behalf.
Nepal has three levels of courts:
- District Court – Court of first instance, having jurisdiction over the concerned district.
- High Court – Court of appeal and also court of first instance in certain cases, having jurisdiction over the concerned Province
- Supreme Court – Ultimate court of justice, having appellate jurisdiction as well as jurisdiction to adjudicate certain matters directly, having jurisdiction all over the country
Other than the above-mentioned courts, Nepal has other quasi-judicial authorities:
- Government Departments – having quasi-judicial powers to adjudicate in certain matters, whose powers are generally equivalent to that of district courts (eg. Department of Industry in Intellectual Property matters, Inland Revenue Department in taxation matters)
- Tribunals – specialized tribunals hearing appeals from the decisions of the Government Departments or directly in certain cases (eg. Revenue Tribunal for tax matters, Foreign Employment Tribunal for foreign employment matters, Administrative Court for civil service matters, Debt Recovery Tribunal for banking debt related matters)
- Specialized court – hearing appeals from Government Departments or directly in certain special category of cases ( eg. Labor Court for labor and employment matters, Special Court for corruption related matters)
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